So at 23 this person feels he has enough anecdotal experience to trump 100+ years of research.
Let's see...he states he has no life outside of work, that he forced himself to pull those hours even when there wasn't work enough to demand it, that he was working those hours without remuneration of any kind, and while conflating 'working' with 'learning', leading me to question if he was really being productive, rather than just playing around with new languages and technologies, 'causing him to credit what he would have done in his free time to 'working'.
Please cite the 100+ years of research. I've looked into it, and found very little. All I've found is a few results like the average construction worker can only productively work 60 hour weeks for about 6 weeks in a row before fatigue sets in.
(Hourly productivity is lower during the 60 hour weeks, but weekly product is higher.)
I have never seen a result that says no one can work 60+ hours regularly. I've never seen a result that even applied to knowledge workers - the entire literature is about construction and manufacturing.
So if you want to make a strong claim that "100+ years of research" proves something, please cite the research. If it's so voluminous, it shouldn't be hard.
(Incidentally, just remembered Claudia Goldin's paper on gender gaps. She cites a bunch of literature showing that in some occupations, productivity is actually superlinear in the number of hours worked, not sublinear like construction. http://www.aeaweb.org/aea/2014conference/program/retrieve.ph... )
You keep popping up on these threads making wild claims like this. You're like an evolution denier, you keep pushing this weird agenda, but I just don't understand why.
People keep giving you the research and yet somehow you don't read it and then claim there is none.
It is simple to find research about manual work showing 40 hours per week is optimal. It is simple to find research showing that for knowledge workers the optimal is even less.
Last time you you were trying to claim 40-60 hours was an 'optimal' working time for manual labour and linked research yourself which showed that it wasn't.
Why is the concept so antithetical to your world view that you can't accepted it?
There is a huge body of research proving directly the opposite of what you claim, that working long hours leads to an ever increasing drop in overall productivity and leads to more and more mistakes (even deaths). From the 1800s to today, many companies and institutions have researched this and 40 hours keeps being the result. And even less for knowledge workers!
Here's an example of people giving yummy primary research before:
I've read the research. It doesn't back up the claims made by the OP.
Last time you you were trying to claim 40-60 hours was an 'optimal' working time for manual labour and linked research yourself which showed that it wasn't.
The research linked to shows that weekly product (which is not the same as hourly productivity) can be maximized by anything from 40-60 hours, depending on the nature of the work and the duration of the project.
For example, look at Figure 16 which has numbers:
100% productivity x 40 hours = 40
90% productivity x 50 hours = 45
83% productivity x 60 hours = 49.8
69% productivity x 70 hours = 48.3
Output is maximized by 60 hour weeks.
Figure 6 shows similar results, based on eyeballing the 5 and 6 day weeks (10 hours/day each) as being about 83% productivity. (Data is in a bar chart, numbers not listed.)
In any case, any paper discussing averages (i.e., every source I've ever found) simply does not address the question of whether the author of the piece can productively work 60 hour weeks. That's like saying "the mean American wage is $50k/year or so, therefore it's impossible for a software engineer to earn $100k".
the majority based on 10-hour workdays and an overtime schedule of four consecutive weeks
FOUR WEEKS. Did you read that bit? Productivity continues to drop after 4 weeks (with some parts of it suggesting the productivity drop stops around week 16ish).
You're the one claiming there's a huge body of research disproving his claims. Your link upthread points to stuff that supports his argument and other stuff that counts as weak evidence against. Nowhere is there anything remotely like disproof. You can also find evidence (e.g. in http://cmdept.unl.edu/drb/Reading/overtime2.htm from the link above) that how you structure your work and rest periods can improve your production. After all, somebody doing office work 60 hours a week with some regular exercise is probably going to outperform somebody like me, who's fat and doesn't exercise. I certainly outperform myself on days that I walk to the office instead of driving. There's clearly some variance involved in individual employees' age, health, height, diet, and attitude, so it should be obvious that you can't just talk about averages over the construction industry and apply them to programming, and to all programmers, with the degree of certainty that you hold.
Yes, most of this data is short term because it's for the construction industry which works on projects. Depending on how long the recovery period is, it could easily be the case that the long term maxima is achieved by long hours + short recovery periods. (I.e., 7 65 hour weeks + 1 30 hour week.)
And again, basically all the research either you or I have found is in construction. Construction != Programming.
What about figure 9 that shows sustained 60+ hour work weeks drop productivity to 45% that of a 40 hour work week after week 4?
What about it? My only claim is that the answer is complicated. I'm not claiming that 60 hours/week is a magical long term answer perfect for everyone everywhere in every industry. It's the 40 hours/week people who are making that claim.
Additionally, you are never going to find research that discussed the magical unicorns you describe and not averages.
Yes, it clearly requires a wizard riding a narwhal to compute quintiles.
Without the quintiles/ventiles/etc it's impossible to conclude that an individual can't work 60+ hour weeks. That's a simple fact about distributions. If the 100+ years of research don't provide that, it simply means that more work needs to be done because we don't know the answer.
From the first article you mention, "Subject to the qualifications already expressed, there is a certain consistency in that there is a definite, but not necessarily linear, decrease in productivity for each additional 10 hours per week."
Your first link merely cites my link, and provides no data of it's own. Your second link is from 1913 and provides little data. Your third link is blogspam for my link.
The nasa article is interesting, and hints that maybe long hours can increase error rates (which would be very bad if you are highly risk averse). It draws no conclusions.
The microsoft article is irrelevant. Your last link has no data.
Apparently it takes more than 5 minutes of google to find something that addresses these questions. And not a single link you provided even attempts to answer the question of whether some individuals can productively work 60 hour weeks. Every single study with data addresses the average person.
The HN crowd baffles me sometimes. It seems to move between "This person is too old. They are disconnected from today's generation," and "This person is too young. They don't have the experience to share meaningful anecdotes."
At what age would this person's comments hold water? 25? 28? 30?
When someone is making statements about a global truth, such as the ability to be productive, experience is paramount. We all know you can pull off 80 hour weeks for a little bit before bad stuff happens, etc. It takes a bit of experience to learn what happens after a couple years of that.
When someone is talking about fashions or the popularity of new technologies etc, then being too old is going to make your opinion less useful as it's going to be harder for you to unlearn what you've already learned. This is generally far less of a problem and I really haven't seen much "This person is too old" on HN, but you do see it a lot on reddit as reddit attracts a very young crowd.
I think in this case it's actually relevant to mention age, because I'm more and more inclined to believe that while 60+ hours can be a good thing to do in your twenties, especially if your digital life is your social life, but that it rarely ever is a smart thing to do after you're thirty.
Young coders don't have that much experience yet and will often have to rely on their brawn rather than their wit which could perhaps make the 60+ hours thing a solid strategic choice.
As I've grown older I've found that I can deliver much more value with much less effort by being well rested and taking a step back to see what's actually the important thing to do.
Whether I'm doing so because I've become wiser or because I've become less effective in those long hours is a different question altogether of course.
You don't have to be a certain age for your comments to matter - it's specific to the scenario you're commenting on. Someone with 30+ years in the workforce has much more knowledge to comment on it that someone with only a few years.
"that he forced himself to pull those hours even when there wasn't work enough to demand it, that he was working those hours without remuneration of any kind..."
I used to think it was possibly to work 60 hour weeks just because I loved what I was doing. When I was shipping Assassin's Creed 2 and being both the team lead and main programmer on the combat system, I worked sustained 60 hour weeks for somewhere in the range of six months.
Just before shipping, I realized I was making so many ridiculously obvious mistakes that I requested someone shadow all my code commits.
And then when the project was done? I was burned out so bad I would have panic attacks if I even saw code. It was nearly three months before I could program again.
Just because you love it doesn't mean you will avoid burn out and other downsides to sustained long work days.
This is what everyone else is arguing against and what the research is invalidating. You may feel you're getting more done, but are you really? Few high quality hours are much more productive than many low quality hours, especially if its work that requires your brain to actually work efficiently (anything creative, programming etc).
I refuse to believe that this tipping point is exactly 40 hours per week
Of course its not some one-size-fits-all magic number. Different people have different capacities. The same person has different capacities based on age, what they're working on, their health/mood/etc. Its also well researched that limited crunch time is more productive but that it drops very sharply over time. Its also often observed that the people don't realise they're not productive - like a lot of things, it can be hard to self-measure.
As long as your net contribution3 per hour is positive, what is the harm in working more?
You're health? You're social life? You're non-work-related interests?
I actively assess what makes me productive and what hurts me
This is good. Many people don't do this.
But the other thing is that when I was in my early twenties (I'm in my late twenties now, so not that long ago) I was absolutely able to work 30 hours straight without problem - but its not sustainable and ultimately leads to burnout. As you get older, it becomes even less sustainable and really, looking back, I would have benefited much more from normal hours and more of a life outside of study/work (I did have a reasonable one, but in hindsight I should have had even more of one). This persons statement that he has no life outside work is scary to me - he'll fuck himself up longer term.
In my opinion, the biggest problem isn't even how effective it is for one-self, but rather the expectation for others. Most people don't assess how productive they actually are (or do it badly), but will work long hours. One might think "Great! A person willing and able to work long hours! Hired!" and get significantly less quality work out of them than from someone working more "normal" hours.
This is what everyone else is arguing against and what the research is invalidating.
Please cite the research, particularly research which applies to knowledge work or anything other than construction/manufacturing. I've searched for it but never found it, so I'd love to finally see something useful.
I have not problem with someone working 60+ hours per week. It is your life. Do with it whatever you like.
I think the previous discussion was not about turning down people working long hours. It was about turning down the idea that working 60+ hours is something heroic, something which is worthwhile to do for everyone.
Exactly this. I would even agree with him that 40 hours is not the point where you become less productive. It's less than that. I don't want to waste my time when I'm less productive, my time is important to me. I would like to work 20 hours a week.
I think that people making the argument of 40 hours a week is not that is it impossible or not beneficial to work 60+ hours a week at a particular time. But that it's not sustainable.
It's not the same living on ramen for two years than defending that living on ramen is actually great.
Again, assuming that an exceptional situation (young startup founder with no commitments) is the norm is a mistake.
Also, it is easy to think that working those extra 20 hours are a big deal, hey 50% por output! But the fact is that that's not necessarily true. Ideas need time to develop, and spending time in different activities is good for your mind.
I had a shop for a couple of years, and I worked A LOT during that time (I was the only one taking care of it), and I know how founding a company sucks up absolutely all your energy and mind. But being obsessed with it is not sane on the long term. I also work right now a lot less hours and more relaxed than when I was younger and I am waaaaay more productive.
Just because a few driven individuals can survive Navy SEAL selection (BUD/S) doesn't mean that BUD/S is the optimal practice for everyone to have a productive, balanced, or happy life.
Some people do fine on 60 hours a week. Some people burn out on 40 hours. Some people sleep 5 hours a night. Some people delude themselves into thinking that 5 hours a night is all they need and then sleep 14 hours on Saturday.
This article is good insofar as it's one man's exploration of the question. But everyone needs to figure it out individually - there's no one-size-fits-all answer.
Well, yeah, leaders need to lead from the front, or at least give a strong impression of doing so. Otherwise, people will ask your question, and for good reason.
This guy is going to read this in 10 years time and be appalled at how naive he was.
> (yes, I am passionate about lawn care)
> As long as your net contribution3 per hour is positive, what is the harm in working more?
Look, if people who have done this exact thing before tell you it doesn't work, maybe listen a bit? But I guess there is nothing quite like a lesson you learn for yourself.
"All else being equal, why would I hire someone that works 40 hour weeks when there are a ton of other people willing to work 60?"
A good one is that this person has no clue of business, resources and the general nature of deals. They just signed a contract for 40 hours and are willing to throw 20 hours on top, cutting down their effective wage. Unless you make a 60 hour contract with them.
I cannot, with good conscience, have this person make guesses on costs of parts of a project, assert the cost letting work done outside of the company or generally allow them to make any decisions on efforts. I cannot have them work in a group of people that has to plan with time constraints.
I am okay with freelancers working 60 hours and billing them, if they really want to optimize for money. I am not okay with people singing on for bad deals, skewing the market for everyone with a tiny bit of business sense.
I'll just throw in my 2 cents about my experience.
A couple years ago I put in 3000 hours over the course of the year. Multiple 80 hour weeks, etc.
I was completely and absolutely burned out for about a year and a half after that. The massive amount of effort I put in really took a toll in every aspect of my life. I'd say I was about 50% as productive at work in my burn out period. Socially I was about 10% the person I was before, rarely hanging out with people and rarely wanted to do anything. Everyone on my team said essentially the same thing happened to them.
We need a good "in defence of the partial work week".
In the UK, there is an ongoing political issue about declaring people with disabilities or chronic illnesses "fit to work". Everyone from cancer and dialysis patients to those with chronic fatigue, pain, depression or back injuries. An essentially binary prospect is presented: you have to take a job you are deemed fit to do, or the money you were relying on to eat is cut off.
The thing is, quite a lot of these people can do some things for some period of time. But if you force them to 40 hours it will run down their health and achieve zero productivity. With reasonable accomodation they could be part time workers. But nobody is interested in making this happen. The person who figures out the "hack" of making one 40 hour week out of four people's 10 hour weeks will be doing the world a great service.
Less extremely, this applies to parents of small children and the elderly; scope for doing more than zero hours, but not the full 40.
The problem isn't the 60 hour weeks, it's the expectations they create. A 60 hour week is easy when you're happy, but having to do a 60 hour week when you're not because that's all you've done for the last year is a serious drag.
Another problem is the expectations it puts on others in a team. Is it ok if there are people working 40+ hours and people working constantly 60+ hours in the same team? I guess this can lead to serious tensions.
I'm starting to think that lawnstarter is an experiment in content marketing rather than an actual business. At this point I've "learned" more about the founder than the business itself, but honestly, so many of these types of articles are paid for that I doubt it reflects anyone's real personality.
I think people need to mature a bit before giving life advices.
Is he sure he will say the same thing when he will be 40 yo ?
By all means do as many hours of work per week as you want but if you want to justify it, prove (as in scientific proof) us that you are more productive than standard a 40 hours / week .
The thing about people that have no life outside of work and claim to be happy is that they bring their communication and socialization needs to work all too often. Which means a lot longer meetings and a lot more small talk or playing games together etc.
As in, every single one I worked with that stayed in work that much without being burned out or tired did that.
The problem about 60+ hour work weeks is that it's nothing but utter cheating by employers.
It means they are too cheap to pay you what you are really worth (you are being paid for 40 hours of work, but work over 50% more thus severely constricting your 'hourly' rate) and too cheap to hire enough people to do the job (i.e. 2 people need to do the work that 3 people are supposed to do).
Nothing more, nothing less.
Not necessarily true. If people weren't getting compensated in some way they would leave. Investment bankers work 80-120 hours per week, and they get paid as such. Same with lawyers.
How does your average Silicon Valley 60+ hour worker get extra compensation for those additional hours that are expected of him (beyond the contractually agreed 40 hours)?
Faster advancement within the company. Executives aren't in their position simply because they are smarter than everyone else. After an IQ of 120-125, intelligence is not a good predictor of success (according to Malcolm Gladwell at least). Hard work plays a role.
If you want to work a normal work week and a normal life, great. But sometimes to achieve great things you have to make sacrifices.
As a husband and father I struggle to put in a 37.5 hour week. Overtime is has to be traded off against seeing my children grow up and finding (literally) a few minutes a week alone with my wife.
Hence at 23 I think you should embrace longer work hours, as long as you also maintain a healthy social life in the balance.
'My company is my life' should be a red warning flag however, because for any number of foreseen and unforeseen reasons that company might not exist in the future.
I wouldn't trust a 23 year old with little work experience to (really) know why "F500 executives work 80 hour weeks", if indeed they do...
And the "single most prevalent argument against working long hours", supported by research, is that there is more to life than just work and humans require a balance between work and other things that, unlike the author, they find valuable, e.g. love, family, friends, travelling, exploring and learning about interesting things unrelated to what you do "at work". There is also evidence showing that creativity comes easier during play time, not work time.
Nevertheless, I worked long(er) hours until I was about 28, and also at 31 because of my startup. The bottom line, for me, is that you end up missing out on life; unless there's nothing in your life but work, of course, and that, for me, is quite sad. And, like mrcharles, given the level of stress work I've been experiencing, right now I too feel anxious just thinking about coding (thanks man, now I feel more normal).
You can actually be incredibly productive when working a 60 hour work week, and I used to do it regularly. When I was doing it at a large company, there was little reward for it, but I did learn a lot and was able to turn that into a better, and less stressful job in finance.
There are definitely benefits to having one person work 60 hours rather than two work 40, beyond cost savings to the company. Often if you're tackling a hard and involved problem, it often isn't something that can be easily split up. There is a lot of context, and one person working on it steadily will certainly be more efficient than trying to have two people work on it and communicate.
I don't work like this now, but I can say that when I did I was remarkably productive. It does come with an associated cost on family life and out-of-work activities, and unless you're going to actually get compensated for it; it is likely not worth it.
Working on an interesting problem, though, can be very difficult to put down.
I don't think the price is worth it. A serious burnout is nothing to be solved by 'hitting the reset button every now then'. Burn out may include depression and that's something you really don't want to have I guess.
Not only do I completely agree with this article, but I see it every day. Everything you want has a cost and a sacrifice. I look at the executive team at my firm and they have be working 60+ hrs a week for over 15 years. And you know what? They are VPs. Win. Sure it probably cost them a lot of social and family time, but they accomplished their goals. If your goal is to have a wife, kids, and a white picket fence, with a low stress job, then go for it. No one is telling you not to. But if you want to be a senior vice president, or a founder of a company - news flash you should probably work more than 40 hours a week. Do you think every executive is smarter than the people he was promoted over? No, of course not. So most likely they worked harder and longer to get there.
I think it is ok to work 60 hours+ when you are young, have only yourself to take care about and a skill set to build. As soon as you starting having a girl/boyfriend or family you are not taking care of your private life when you are working 60hours+. Then you are prioritizing work in front of your private life.
I will ask people, when you are in your death bed and thinking back about your life, how many people will wish they worked more or wished they travelled more and had more fun in life?
Done those kind of hours earlier in life and learnt by experience that if you work to much you do not have balance in your life. You have unreasonable expectation of professionalism of everyone around you and get easily annoyed by minor work misshappenings.
I'm always surprised at the passion this subject always generates, particularly in how many people express an opinion on how many hours a week I should work.
I can understand being upset by having to work >40hr/wk when you don't want to, or those 70hr/wk coworkers being declared best. employees. ever., but the reaction when someone expresses an opinion on their personal experience is just ridiculous. It's either the patronizing "when you're my age, sonny, you'll understand" or the similarly unhelpful "you're doing it wrong", with no admission that someone's experience might be different.
I've found that working long hours is practical with regimented conditioning, much like training for any strenuous activity. If you jump headlong into a 60-hour work week, you'll suffer and burn out rather quickly. A slow ramp eases you into the commitment and tests your limits, gradually pushing them upward. It's also crucial to take down weeks every so often.
I have worked 60+ hour weeks for significant periods of time and in various roles, including as CTO of a dot-com startup and as a trader at Morgan Stanley.
I differentiate between working long hours for yourself (e.g. as a business owner or startup founder) versus for someone else (i.e. as an employee). My observations here are generally about situations where you're working for someone else (although some have general relevance). For business owners and founders, motivations and rewards are very different, and I think that, for them, the decision to work long hours or not is a far more subjective and personal one.
I don't think there's anything intrinsically bad about working long hours, as long as it is the exception (and for relatively short periods of time), rather than the rule. For example, if you're working for a startup and you've got a big product launch coming up, it makes absolute sense to put in extra effort in the run-up to the deadline to add new functionality, eradicate bugs, etc. However, if you are expected to put in 60-hour weeks as a matter of course, that's not good. Work-Life balance is important (and gets more important as you get older).
If you are expected to put in 60-hour weeks as a matter of course and your boss doesn't, I would advise you to quit that job as quickly as it is feasible to do so.
Working long hours wears you down, especially in roles where high concentration is required. I used to work 12-hour days as a trader and, come the weekend, I'd be so exhausted that I'd usually sleep in on Saturday and Sunday until the early afternoon. That's not a good lifestyle.
I also believe that working long hours has a negative impact on creativity and the ability to make intuitive leaps. In my experience, taking a break and stepping back from a difficult problem can often yield a solution. If your work hours do not allow your brain enough downtime from work to disengage from your work problems and engage other things (beyond simply resting), your productivity is likely to take a significant hit, in my opinion.
Finally, there's the impact on your mood. If you're not actually enjoying working long hours, it's likely to make you impatient and irritable, and that will have a knock-on effect on the atmosphere at work.
Certain types of companies (law firms and investment banks, for example) seem to rely heavily on getting more junior people to work long hours. They're able to do that because the rewards that come with climbing the corporate ladder are significant - partners and managing directors get paid a lot of money and, in order to have a chance of getting promoted to that level, you have to serve your time and put in long hours. For many young (and, some might say, foolish) people, the long-term carrot (Ferrari-level income) outweighs the downside of having practically no life during one's 20s. Because of that, I think their decision is closer in nature to a business owner's or startup founder's than a pure employee's.
Bottom line (and TL;DR): It's up to each individual to make their own decision based on their motivations and personal circumstances.
A Bird named the Alpine Swift may fly through the air for a period of several months without stopping... Some people's minds may work on a problem similarly.
I can kind of see where the OP is coming from. My summer job out of high school was working as a roofer, where I had to get up at 5 am every morning to drive out into the small town where we were based. My boss was famously a jerk: the summer before he was hospitalized because apparently a worker "accidentally" pushed him off the roof. And the summer before that, the office workers who were employed on the managing side of the roofing company had to go up on a roofing job because my boss's crew quit on him.
I don't blame them because my boss was, all things considered, kind of a reckless asshole We didn't take breaks on 100 degree days, had 10 minute lunch breaks, and by the end of the summer all of us had fallen off a roof at least once because my boss believed that setting up the safety scaffolding was a waste of time. But goddamn we got a lot of roofs done that summer, and that actually felt great.
But I was 18 then, was in good shape from high school athletics, found the whole situation hilarious, and more importantly, I knew that in a few months, I'd be at college.
In the decade since, I've averaged at least 50 hours a week and would not be surprised if the average was closer to 60. However, the long hours I work now are not in the office. I go home and read and program on side projects/experiments/other people's Github projects, because that's the only way I can eventually figure out solutions to technical problems that not only interest me personally, but that I eventually will apply in my work. If I were to spend 20 hours a day in the office, I wouldn't get done what I do by spending a couple hours in the evening or early in the morning, studying and practicing out of my own volition.
Before my current tech work, I was a newspaper reporter. I was often at the office for 10 to 12 hours a day...some of it was because I cared about the stories and projects I was working on. But honestly, most of it was because of inefficiencies inherent to the work, i.e. waiting until close to midnight because I'm waiting for a source to call me back right before deadline. The 12-hour day then was not because of best practices...I don't think I need to convince anyone here how horribly inefficient traditional media companies are in general.
So I will never work for anyone who would raise an eyebrow if I felt that 8 hours a day in the office were enough. I work extra hours constantly because I get satisfaction out of building things well, and sometimes building things well means taking 4 hours of quiet time, spread over the weekend, to rig up a solution that saves me 50 hours of work in the next couple of weeks. If an employer can't trust me to spend my time right, then that's not an employer that would use me to our maximal mutual benefit.
My take on it is this: You work for as much time as you need.
Different jobs, different positions, different work-styles all dictate different needs out of a typical work day. Who's to say that one is vastly superior to another. Further, who's to say that their workflow is so stupendous, that it should dictate the needs of others?
I didn't read the article but I can speak with experience. The 60 hour work week does not work. The challenge is to try to do everything within 40. If you need more time then you're not doing it right.
Let's see...he states he has no life outside of work, that he forced himself to pull those hours even when there wasn't work enough to demand it, that he was working those hours without remuneration of any kind, and while conflating 'working' with 'learning', leading me to question if he was really being productive, rather than just playing around with new languages and technologies, 'causing him to credit what he would have done in his free time to 'working'.