Yes, it can, and often is. Consider Albert Stevens. [1] He was (without his knowledge or consent) injected with a dose of 131 kBq of Pu, yielding a lifetime exposure of around 64 Sv. (An acute dose of >= 5 Sv is usually fatal.)

He died of heart disease 20 years later.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Stevens